Sivakumar, C. V.

• Occurrence of Nematophagous Fungi (Hyphomycetes) and their Predaceous Ability in Tamil Nadu

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Authors

S. Rajeswari ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 107-110

Abstract

Soil samples collected from different regions of Tamil Nadu revealed the occurrence of five different nematode-trapping fungi viz., Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides (Drechsler), A. oligospora (Fresinius), Arthrobotrys sp., Dactylella brochopaga (Drechsler) and Dactylaria thaumasia (Drechsler). An in vitro test against Ditylenchus phyllobia (Thorne) Filipjev indicated that both the species of Arthrobotrys were spontaneous trap formers, while D. brochopaga and D. thaumasia were induced trap former. Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides was the most prolific trap former followed by A. oligospora. Among the five fungi, A. cladodes var. macroides was widely prevalent in gardenland soils and most efficient predator compared to A. oligospora, D. brochopaga and D. thaumasia.

Keywords

Ditylenchus phyllobia, Nematophagous Fungi, Occurrence, Predaceous Activity.

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• Nematophagous Fungi Associated with the Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera spp. in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu

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Authors

S. Rajeswari ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 137-139

Abstract

Five native nematophagous fungi viz., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thompson), Verticillium suchlasporium var. suchlasporium, (Gams and Dackman) and Exophiala pisciphila (McGinnis and Ajello) were found to parasitize the eggs of Globodera spp. and their frequency of occurrence varied from 0.47 to 24.17 per cent. Natural suppression of the cyst nematodes by P. lilacinus to an extent of 79.6 per cent was observed. However, this did not reflect any significant increase in potato yield because the nematode population remained high (>39 cysts/100 ml soil) inspite of suppression by the fungus. Paecilomyces liiacinus, V. suchlasporium var. suchlasporium and E. pisciphila are reported for the first time on the potato cyst nematode in India.

Keywords

Globodera spp., Nematophagous Fungi, Natural Suppression.

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• Management of Rice Root Nematode, Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man) Luc & Goodey with Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula

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Authors

S. Ramakrishnan ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹, K. Poornima ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 12, No 2 (1998), Pagination: 135-141

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted with rice cvs. C043, DT36 and ADT 38 during Kuruvai (June-September); Samba (August- January), and Navarai (January-April) seasons, respectively, to evaluate the efficacy of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula strain Pf-1 available with Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, as commercial formulation in the control of the rice ischolar_main nematode Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man) Luc & Goodey. The biocontrol agent was evaluated as seed treatment and nursery soil application separately and either with or without soil application of carbofuran 3G and compared with soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 1.3 g a. i./m² and an untreated control for the management of the nematode. Application of the biocontrol agent as seed treatment at a dosage of 10 g/kg of seed was superior to all the treatments. Maximum bacterial colonization and nematode suppression was observed in plants treated with P. fluorescens as seed treatment and it increased yield by 13 per cent.

Keywords

Heterodera spp., Hirschmanniella gracilis, Meloidogyne incognita, Rice.

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• Effect of Culture Filtrates of Antagonistic Organisms on Cyst Nematode, Heterodera cajani Koshy in Blackgram

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Authors

T. K. S. Latha ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 12, No 2 (1998), Pagination: 143-145

Abstract

Studies were conducted in a glasshouse to assess the biocontrol potential of the culture filtrates of the antagonists namely Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr., T. harzianum Rifai, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn.) Samson, Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula and Bacillus subtilis (Cohn) as soil application against Heterodera cajani Koshy on blackgram. The culture filtrate of B. subtilis caused maximum reduction in cyst and juvenile population by 95.2 and 94.3 percent, respectively followed by P. fluorescens and P. lilacinus.

Keywords

Antagonists, Blackgram, Culture Filtrate, Heterodera cajani.

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• Effect of Organic Soil Amendments, Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. and Carbofuran on the Nematode Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys cladodes Var. Macroides (Drechsler, 1944) and Plant Parasitic Nematodes

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Authors

S. Rajeshwari ¹, A. Santhi ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 11, No 1&2 (1997), Pagination: 49-52

Abstract

Studies were conducted in a greenhouse to assess the role of organic amendments, Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. and carbofuran in the population of nematode trapping fungus. Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides (Drechsler, 1944) and plant parasitic nematodes and their interaction on growth of tomato. Application of organic amendments enhanced the population of the nematophagous fungus. Increase in density of the nematode trapping fungus, A. cladodes var. macroides was highest in a loamy soil ameliorated with 2 per cent Farm Yard Manure (FYM) or neem cake. Carbofuran at 15 mg a. i./pot gave the maximum reduction in the population of Helicotylenchus dihystera, Tylenchorynchus capitatus and Xiphinema basiri and was followed by FYM, neem cake and T. viride. The plant growth was significantly increased in combination treatments consisting of FYM + carbofuran followed by neem cake + carbofuran. Application of the organic amendments reduced the efficacy of carbofuran.

Keywords

Arthrobotrys cladodes Var. macroides, Carbofuran, Organic Amendments, Trichoderma viride.

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• Biocontrol Potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Migula) against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 on Tomato

Abstract Views :254  |  PDF Views:131

Authors

A. Santhi ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 113-115

Abstract

Studies were conducted in greenhouse to assess the biocontrol potential of three strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Migula) viz., Pf-1, Pf-2 and Pf-3 at high (8 × 10⁸ cfu/g) and low (4 × 10⁸ cfu/g) dosages, as seedling bare ischolar_main dip treatment against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 on tomato. The plant growth was significantly better in all the treatments with the bacterium. The strain Pf-1 performed significantly superior to the other two strains at both the dosages. The bacterial treatment also reduced the level of infestation by the nematode, which was dosage dependent. The strain Pf-1 was superior to the other two. The nematode suppressing ability of the bacterial strains appeared to be related to their ischolar_main-colonising ability.

Keywords

Meloidogyne incognita, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Tomato.

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• Control of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria in Brinjal Nursery with the Fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus and the Systemic Nematicide Carbofuran

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Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, M. D. Bhaskaramanian ¹, S. Balasaraswathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, 625 104, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 49-50

Abstract

The ischolar_main-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and to a lesser extent M. javanica affect brinjal in Tamil Nadu, India causing an yield loss of 20-30%. The nematodes infect the crop invariably in the nursery, since farmers use repeatedly the same field for this purpose.

Keywords

Meloidogyne arenaria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Biological Control.

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• Influence of Temperature on the Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (DD-136 Strain) to Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Heliothis armigera (Hbn)

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Authors

T. Abdul Razak ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 108-109

Abstract

The virulence of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev to Spodoptera litura Fab. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) and Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Noduldae: Lepidoptera) was reduced as the temperature lnaeased from 24 to 30 °C. Between the two insects, H. armigera was more susceptible than S. litura. The LC₅₀ values for both the insects were higher at the final instar when compared to the third instar.

Keywords

Entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae, Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera litura.

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• Influence of Level of Inoculum and Temperature on the Infectivity and Multiplication of the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (DD-136 Strain) on Corcyra cephalonica (Staint.) Larva

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Authors

T. Abdul Razak ¹, C. V. Sivakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University, Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 110-112

Abstract

Multiplication rate of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (DD-136 strain) on Corcyra cepbelonica (Staint.) larva was significantly influenced by the inoculum level with ten dauers per larva being the optimum for maximum multiplication. The relationship between the inoculum level and multiplication was curvilinear. The infectivity of the nematode to C. cephalonica was on a par at 25 and 30 °C, significantly less at 33°C and nil at 35 °C. Multiplication of the nematode was maximum at 25°C, signifincantly less at 30°C and absent at 33°C.

Keywords

Steinernema feltiae, Infectivity, Multiplication, Corcyra cephalonica.

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• Bare Root Dip Treatment of Tomato Transplants with Paecilomyces lilacinus for the Control of Meloidogyne incognita

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Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, P. Vidhyasekharan ²

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, IN
2 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore-641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 134-135

Abstract

Results on the evaluation of bare ischolar_main dip treatment of tomato seedlings in a spore suspension of Paecilomycis lilacinus for the control of Meloidogyne incognita is reported in this paper.

Keywords

Paecilomyces lilacinus, Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato.

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• Control of Meloidogyne incognita on Coleus forskohlii with Paecilomyces lilacinus in Farm Yard Manure Amended and Non Amended Soil

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Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, P. Vidhyasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 68-69

Abstract

Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. (Labiatae), a spice and condiment crop, is highly susceptible to the ischolar_mainknot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Using it as a test plant, the influence of amending soil with organic manure, on the biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita with Paecilomyces lilacinus was investigated in glass house.

Keywords

Paecilomyces lilacinus, Meloidogyne incognita, Coleus forskohlii.

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• Reaction of Spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae) to the Entomogenous Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Steinernematidae: Nematoda)

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Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, S. Balasaraswathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, India, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 2 (1992), Pagination: 112-113

Abstract

Spiders are recognised as important predators of insect pests of crops (Yasumatsu and Torii, 1968; Samal and Misra, 1975; Hokyo et al., 1976) and are commonly met with in the agro-ecosystems of the tropics. The effect of entomogenous nematodes on these beneficial organisms is not known. An experiment was conducted in the laboratory to study the reaction of two species of spiders viz., Stegodyphus pacificus Pocock (Eresidae : Araneae) and Lycosa pseudoannulata (Bosenberg and Strand) (Lycosidae : Araneae), occurring in the orchards and rice fields, respectively, to the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (DD - 136 strain).

Keywords

Entomogenous Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, Spiders.

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• Observations on an Indian Population of the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976

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Authors

C. V. Sivakumar ¹, S. Jayaraj ¹, S. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 112-113

Abstract

The natural occurrence of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 in a forest soil from Burliar, Tamil Nadu, India, is reported along with the dimensions of this population. The life cycle of this isolate was completed in eight days at laboratory temperatures of 23.0°C (minimum) and 30.2°C (maximum) on larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Galleridae: Lepidoptera). Under experimental conditions, it infected larvae of certain Elaterldae (Coleoptera), Noctuidae, Papilionidae and Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) and adults of Acrididae (Orthoptera). The LC₅₀ for fourth-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) was 19.14 dauers per larva at room temperatures of 22.3°C (minimum) and 30.0°C (maximum).

Keywords

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Spodoptera litura, Corcyra cephalonica, Entomopathogenic Nematode.

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